Application of op-amp as investing amplifier basic circuit

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The Voltage Follower The circuit below is a special case of the non-inverting amplifier. Voltage follower or Buffer Here, the output voltage is equal to the input voltage. This makes it most suitable as a buffer stage where you want to isolate one circuit from another, for example, in filter applications. The Differential Amplifier Shown below is a differential amplifier. Differential amplifiers can be used to detect tiny voltage differences across a circuit. The voltage at one input is subtracted from the other and then amplified.

Here all the resistors are the same, so the gain is one. You could build a circuit with an integrator and an electret microphone , so that every time an acorn fell, a blip would occur in the audio signal. The integrator detects those blips and accumulates them until you reset it. An integrator will generally have a FET across capacitor C1 to discharge it periodically.

But what would happen if you fed a square wave into the integrator? When the square wave goes high, C1 charges, and when it goes low, C1 discharges, so what you get is a triangle wave at the output: Integrator Wave-forms The differentiator behaves oppositely, and without delving into the math, the diagram below shows the input and output waveforms for a differentiator: Differentiator waveforms Shown below is a summing amplifier.

Summing Amplifier This amplifier will sum multiple inputs into one output. For example, J1 could be a microphone, J2 could be a guitar, and J3 could be a keyboard. The resistors R1, R3, and R4 are linear potentiometers , and the resistance of each relative to R2, would set the level or gain.

Resistor R2 could also be a potentiometer acting as a master volume. This circuit contains everything you need for a simple audio mixer. So now, we have seen some useful applications of linear operation amplifier circuits. For example, operational amplifiers have a specified power supply rejection ratio that indicates how well the output can reject signals that appear on the power supply inputs.

Power supply inputs are often noisy in large designs because the power supply is used by nearly every component in the design, and inductance effects prevent current from being instantaneously delivered to every component at once. As a consequence, when a component requires large injections of current e.

This problem can be mitigated with appropriate use of bypass capacitors connected across each power supply pin and ground. When bursts of current are required by a component, the component can bypass the power supply by receiving the current directly from the nearby capacitor which is then slowly recharged by the power supply. Using power supply currents in the signal path[ edit ] Additionally, current drawn into the operational amplifier from the power supply can be used as inputs to external circuitry that augment the capabilities of the operational amplifier.

For example, an operational amplifier may not be fit for a particular high-gain application because its output would be required to generate signals outside of the safe range generated by the amplifier. In this case, an external push—pull amplifier can be controlled by the current into and out of the operational amplifier. Thus, the operational amplifier may itself operate within its factory specified bounds while still allowing the negative feedback path to include a large output signal well outside of those bounds.

Differential amplifier difference amplifier [ edit ] Main article: Differential amplifier Amplifies the difference in voltage between its inputs. The name "differential amplifier" must not be confused with the " differentiator ", which is also shown on this page. The " instrumentation amplifier ", which is also shown on this page, is a modification of the differential amplifier that also provides high input impedance.

The circuit shown computes the difference of two voltages, multiplied by some gain factor. The output voltage V.